Yes — when you register a domain, you hold the exclusive right to use it for the entire registration period. As long as you keep the domain renewed, no one else can use it, transfer it, or claim it. Your domain becomes part of your online identity, and you maintain full control over DNS settings, nameservers, email routing, and website connections.
Just remember domain ownership works like a lease. You fully control it, but it must be renewed to stay active and protected under your name.